![]() The medium used for communication between the processors is likely to be hierarchical in large multiprocessor machines. Parallel computers based on interconnected networks need to have some kind of routing to enable the passing of messages between nodes that are not directly connected. In 2012 quad-core processors became standard for desktop computers, while servers have 10 and 12 core processors. Thus parallelization of serial programs has become a mainstream programming task. Multi-core processors have brought parallel computing to desktop computers. The core is the computing unit of the processor and in multi-core processors, each core is independent and can access the same memory concurrently. To deal with the problem of power consumption and overheating the major central processing unit (CPU or processor) manufacturers started to produce power-efficient processors with multiple cores. This led to the design of parallel hardware and software, as well as high-performance computing. Historically parallel computing was used for scientific computing and the simulation of scientific problems, particularly in the natural and engineering sciences, such as meteorology. Burroughs Corporation introduced the D825 in 1962, a four-processor computer that accessed up to 16 memory modules through a crossbar switch. Also in 1958, IBM researchers John Cocke and Daniel Slotnick discussed the use of parallelism in numerical calculations for the first time. Gill (Ferranti) discussed parallel programming and the need for branching and waiting. It is generally implemented in operational environments/scenarios that require massive computation or processing power. Parallel computing infrastructure is standing within a single facility where many processors are installed in one or separate servers which are connected together. The primary objective of parallel computing is to increase the available computation power for faster application processing or task resolution. This type of computing is also known as parallel processing. Most supercomputers employ parallel computing principles to operate. Parallel computing helps in performing large computations by dividing the workload between more than one processor, all of which work through the computation at the same time. It is a type of computing architecture in which several processors execute or process an application or computation simultaneously. Parallel computing is the use of two or more processors (cores, computers) in combination to solve a single problem. ![]()
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